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Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a deadly disease in people and nonhuman primates. The viruses that cause EVD are located mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and belong to a group of viruses within the genus Ebolavirus. Of these, only four (Ebola, Sudan, Taï Forest, and Bundibugyo viruses) are known to cause disease in people. Reston virus is known to cause disease in nonhuman primates and pigs, but not in people. It is unknown if Bombali virus, which was recently identified in bats, causes disease in either animals or people.
Ebola virus disease (EVD), implications of introduction in the Americas (PDF), 13 August 2014
[SPANISH VERSION] Enfermedad por el virus del Ébola, implicaciones de la introducción en las Américas(PDF)
Liu J, et. al
Includes recommendations for clinical and public health labs, clinicians and the public.
Following the confirmation of an outbreak of Sudan virus disease – which belongs to the same family as Ebola virus disease – in Uganda today, World Health Organization (WHO) is mobilizing efforts to support the national health authorities to swiftly contain and end the outbreak.
WHO declares outbreak in Uganda with a rare Ebola Sudan virus.
Findings are ‘really weird’ and show deadly disease can persist in survivors longer than thought
The finding of the Ebola-like disease, which killed a man in Guinea, has prompted public health measures.
Highlights official end of outbreak in the DRC, as another outreak emerges. Vaccines and new drugs were successfully used in this oubreak.
A skunkworks team at Johns Hopkins University has developed a prototype protective suit to better shield healthcare workers on the frontlines.
This guidance applies to viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by infections with:
This webpage provides guidance for staff at hospitals and clinical laboratories on collecting, transporting, and submitting specimens to laboratories to test for viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) or other high-consequence diseases.
Routine laboratory testing to monitor the patient’s clinical status and diagnostic testing for other potential causes of the patient’s illness should be pursued while testing for a VHF or other high-consequence disease is underway.
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE): African swine Fever – African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious haemorrhagic viral disease of domestic and wild pigs, which is responsible for serious economic and production losses. This website contains general information about transmission, clinical signs, diagnostics, and prevention.
International Journal of Infectious Diseases: A challenging response to a Lassa Fever outbreak in a non-endemic area of Sierra Leone in 2019, with export of cases to the Netherlands, Njuguna C, et.al., Feb. 12, 2022 – Report of a hospital associated outbreak that resulted in three confirmed cases (health workers) and 2 probable cases (patients). The case fatality rate was 60% while the secondary attack rate was 14%. Two cases involved exportations to the Netherlands.
Nature: New Ebola-like virus found in a Chinese bat’s liver, Jan 7, 2019 – The Měnglà virus can infect human cells but the risk of its transmission from bats to humans is unknown.
Von Stein DL, Barger A, Hennenfent A, et al.
A fatal Lassa fever case in a patient returning from Liberia, the first U.S. case diagnosed in eight years and the ninth U.S. travel-associated case since 1969, was identified in Iowa in late 2024. Investigation identified 180 contacts. Lassa fever virus testing was performed for five symptomatic contacts; all laboratory results were negative.
The Iowa Department of HHS has confirmed the death of a middle-aged eastern Iowa resident from Lassa fever. The individual had recently returned from travel to West Africa.
This is a reference wensite including WHO’s approach to responding to this outbreak
This is a reference website for resources including a “Weekly Special Press Briefing on the Mpox Outbreak and other Health Emergencies in Africa”
The finding of the Ebola-like disease, which killed a man in Guinea, has prompted public health measures.
Kortepeter, M, et.al.
This guidance applies to Filoviruses, Arenaviruses, Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean Congo HFV. This guidance also applies to other high-consequence diseases that require a specialized laboratory, are highly pathogenic, and have no vaccine or treatment currently available, like Nipah virus disease.
Shaw TM, Dettle ST, Mejia A, Hayes JM, Simmons HA, Basu P, et al.
Genetically diverse simian arteriviruses (simarteriviruses) naturally infect geographically and phylogenetically diverse monkeys, and cross-species transmission and emergence are of considerable concern.
Yang W, et al.
Highlights
Malenfant JH, Joyce A, Choi MJ, et al.
The ACIP has expanded the recommendation for Ebola vaccine to health care personnel at special pathogens treatment centers and laboratorians and support staff members at Laboratory Response Network facilities.
Channing D. Sheets and Patricia L. Payne
VOLUME 19, NUMBER 3, 2014
Felix K. Gmuender
VOLUME 16, NUMBER 1, 2011
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Barbara Reynolds
VOLUME 10, NUMBER 1, 2005
Steven W. Lenhart, Teresa Seitz, Douglas Trout, and Nancy Bollinger
VOLUME 9, NUMBER 1, 2004
Jens H. Kuhn
VOLUME 9, NUMBER 1, 2004
This guidance refers only to the following viral hemorrhagic fevers: Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), and the South American Hemorrhagic Fevers (i.e., those caused by Junin, Machupo, Chapare, Guanarito and Sabia viruses).
The CDC is reporting a recently confirmed outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Uganda caused by Sudan virus (species Sudan ebolavirus) to summarize CDC’s recommendations for U.S. public health departments and clinicians, case identification and testing, and clinical laboratory biosafety considerations.
Osterholm MT, et al.
Following the confirmation of an outbreak of Sudan virus disease – which belongs to the same family as Ebola virus disease – in Uganda today, World Health Organization (WHO) is mobilizing efforts to support the national health authorities to swiftly contain and end the outbreak.
This is a reference wensite including WHO’s approach to responding to this outbreak
This report summarizes CDC’s recommendations for public health departments and clinicians in the United States on case identification and testing and clinical laboratory biosafety considerations.
This is a reference website for resources including a “Weekly Special Press Briefing on the Mpox Outbreak and other Health Emergencies in Africa”
Alert concerning two confirmed outbreaks of Marburg virus disease (MVD)—one in Equatorial Guinea and one in Tanzania.
Current approved vaccines cannot control this outbreak because it’s being driven by a distant viral relative of Zaire ebolavirus, known as Sudan ebolavirus, which last caused an outbreak, also in Uganda, in 2012.
WHO declares outbreak in Uganda with a rare Ebola Sudan virus.
Coulborn R, et al
Vaccination with the Ebola vaccine significantly lowered case fatality risk vs not vaccinated.
Malenfant JH, Joyce A, Choi MJ, et al.
The ACIP has expanded the recommendation for Ebola vaccine to health care personnel at special pathogens treatment centers and laboratorians and support staff members at Laboratory Response Network facilities.
Malenfant JH, Joyce A, Choi MJ, et al.
The ACIP has expanded the recommendation for Ebola vaccine to health care personnel at special pathogens treatment centers and laboratorians and support staff members at Laboratory Response Network facilities.
Choi MJ, Cossaboom CM, Whitesell AN, et al.