
4/20/2025
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The interview discusses modes transmission, communication, and vaccination.
Susan McLellan, MD, MPH
Delaney KP, Sanchez T, Hannah M, et al.
additional details about the most recent infection are given
This Bulletin describes a recently reported fatal case of Alaskapox in an immunosuppressed resident of the Kenai Peninsula.
MacNeill AL
This review provides a brief history of the impacts that a human-specific Orthopoxvirus (OPXV), Variola virus, had on mankind, recalls how critical vaccination was for the eradication of this disease, and discusses the consequences of discontinuing vaccination against OPXV.
On-demand recording: Alaskapox Virus: An Emerging Animal-to-Human Infectious Disease?
Gigante CM, Gao J, Tang S, McCollum AM, Wilkins K, Reynolds MG, Davidson W, McLaughlin J, Olson VA, Li Y.
also provides background information on Orthopoxviruses
Levy V, Branzuela A, Hsieh K, et al.
The first reported clade Ib MPXV infection in the Americas was identified via electronic laboratory reporting in California in a U.S. traveler who returned from East Africa.
On November 18, 2024, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Health Alert Network (HAN) Health Advisory about the first case of clade I mpox diagnosed in the United States.
The high proportion of children with suspected mpox reported in the current outbreak is likely due to a number of factors, including spread within and between close households, younger population demographics in impacted countries, misdiagnosis of other diseases (such as measles), poor sanitary conditions, limited access to health services, and a high level of food insecurity and malnutrition.
Gigante CM, Takakuwa J, McGrath D, et al.
Tecovirimat is the first-line drug for treatment of orthopoxvirus infection (e.g., smallpox and mpox). Viral mutations that render the drug ineffective can develop during treatment.
Includes recommendations for vaccination of health care workers, specimen collection and infection control.
The FDA approved a new indication for ACAM2000, to include the prevention of mpox disease in individuals determined to be at high risk for mpox infection. ACAM2000 has been approved since 2007 for the prevention of smallpox disease in individuals determined to be at high risk for smallpox infection. ACAM2000 is a live replicating vaccinia virus vaccine.
WHO will begin using a new preferred term “mpox” as a synonym for monkeypox
Discusses Public Health risk assessments and BSL-2/3 laboratory procedures for handling monkeypox
Cash-Goldwasser S, Labuda SM, McCormick DW, et al.
Hagan LM, Beeson A, Hughes S, et al.
Multiple protocols for inactivation of MPX are included in this resource, for example, Buffer AVL, 70% ethanol, L6 Buffer and others
Videos and links related to
In 2022, for the first time, many outbreaks were reported in EU Member States and worldwide (in non-endemic countries) that had no epidemiological links to travel or imported mammals.
Webinar
Noe S, Zange S, et al.
Includes information for public health veterinarians and animal health officials
Yinda C, Morris DH, Fischer RJ, et al.
The findings suggest that, because virus stability is sufficient to support environmental MPXV transmission in healthcare settings, exposure and dose-response will be limiting factors for those transmission routes
Paran N, et al.
In this study, the authors test for a correlation between MPXV DNA copies in patient specimens.
Dominik N.
We systematically examined surfaces of two hospital rooms occupied by monkeypox patients and the adjacent anterooms, which are used for donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE), for monkeypox virus contamination using PCR. In addition, we assessed the infectivity on cell culture of the collected samples by virus isolation.
Vinner L, et al.
Diagnoses of ongoing viral infections commonly rely on PCR methodology.
Atkinson B, et al.
This report confirms the potential for infection-competent monkeypox virus to be recovered in environmental settings associated with known positive cases and the necessity for rapid environmental assessment to reduce potential exposure to close contacts and the general public.
Rao AK, Petersen BW, Whitehill F, et al.
Pfaff F, Hofmann D, Beer M.
Circulating monkeypox virus might be undergoing adaption for the human host, so we must keep its genetic changes under tight surveillance so as to be prepared when sudden epidemiological changes and prevent the emergence of a variola virus epigone.
The monkeypox virus has mutated at a far faster rate than would normally be expected and likely underwent a period of “accelerated evolution,”a new study suggests.
Minhaj FS, Ogale YP, Whitehill F, et al.
Methods for inactivating EBOV
Given the actions of the public health authorities, it is very unlikely that EMS clinicians will encounter a person infected with Monkeypox during routine operations. However, EMS professionals should follow an identify, isolate, and inform strategy, as outlined in NETEC’s webinar The I’s Have It: Identify, Isolate, and Inform to stop the spread of illness.
Includes recommendations for vaccination of health care workers, specimen collection and infection control.
The FDA is informing health care providers of the potential risk of transmission of monkeypox virus through fecal microbiota for transplantation (FMT) products– additional safety protections are needed.
Dominik N.
We systematically examined surfaces of two hospital rooms occupied by monkeypox patients and the adjacent anterooms, which are used for donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE), for monkeypox virus contamination using PCR. In addition, we assessed the infectivity on cell culture of the collected samples by virus isolation.
These recommendations are intended for healthcare settings.
Includes aboratory biosafety guidelines, testing, reporting procedures, use of PPE, specimen collection, packaging and transport, etc.
Mendoza R, Petras JK, Jenkins P, et al.
Vinner L, et al.
Diagnoses of ongoing viral infections commonly rely on PCR methodology.
This interim guide includes PPE, disinfection, shipping practices
Methods for inactivating EBOV
Discusses handling of medical waste based on whether testing indicates it is from the West African clade (Cat. B) or the Congo Basin clade (Cat. A)
Choi Y, Jeon E, Kim T, Choi S, Moon SM, Song K, et al.
This report includes occupational exposure of MPOX to HCW
Caldas JP, Valdoleiros SR, Rebelo S, Tavares M.
This report includes an occupational needlestick injury from a pustule
Members of the APHL Biosafety and Biosecurity Committee developed this fact sheet to assist laboratorians with safely testing potential monkeypox samples.
Timeline of the Monkeypox outbreak in Europe
This document includes Monkeypox in the EXAMPLE OF CATEGORY A: UN2814, INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES AFFECTING HUMANS
This dashboard provides data about COVID-19, flu, RSV and mpox virus levels in wastewater.
This is a Health Alert Network (HAN) Health Update to provide additional information about the ongoing outbreak of clade I monkeypox virus (MPXV), the virus that causes mpox, in Central and Eastern Africa
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Field EN, McCarty E, Saady D, et al.
During 2022, a global outbreak of mpox resulted primarily from human-to-human contact. The Virginia Department of Health (Richmond, VA, USA) implemented a contact tracing and symptom monitoring system for residents exposed to monkeypox virus, assessed their risk for infection, and offered interventions as needed.
CDC’s National Wastewater Surveillance System (NWSS) program collects and displays wastewater data from communities across the United States.
A monthly update on Mpox infections provides details on the latest epidemiology and focus on a cruise ship outbreak. Excellent Bibliography on Mpox.
This notice is to notify clinicians and health departments about the occurrence, geographic spread, and sexually associated human-to-human transmission of Clade I Monkeypox virus (MPXV) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
This is a global overview of the mpox epidemiological situation and response activities across a variety of domains such as epidemiology, clinical management and communications.
Miller MJ, Cash-Goldwasser S, Marx GE, et al.
Atkinson B, et al.
This report confirms the potential for infection-competent monkeypox virus to be recovered in environmental settings associated with known positive cases and the necessity for rapid environmental assessment to reduce potential exposure to close contacts and the general public.
Pfaff F, Hofmann D, Beer M.
Circulating monkeypox virus might be undergoing adaption for the human host, so we must keep its genetic changes under tight surveillance so as to be prepared when sudden epidemiological changes and prevent the emergence of a variola virus epigone.
Yinda C, Morris DH, Fischer RJ, et al.
The findings suggest that, because virus stability is sufficient to support environmental MPXV transmission in healthcare settings, exposure and dose-response will be limiting factors for those transmission routes
Paran N, et al.
In this study, the authors test for a correlation between MPXV DNA copies in patient specimens.
Worldwide, there have been no reports of transmission of monkeypox virus through blood transfusion and the risk of transfusion-transmission remains theoretical.
These data will contribute to understanding the spread of the Monkeypox virus and can contribute to predicting increases in testing demand and planning for potential supply chain issues for reagents and other testing materials.
Puenpa J, Intharasongkroh D, Vongpunsawad S, et al.
In Thailand, platelet product from a blood donor was transfused to a recipient who had dengue. Two days later, the donor was confirmed to have monkeypox virus infection. Monkeypox virus DNA was undetectable in recipient specimens up to 2 weeks after transfusion. The recipient remained asymptomatic at 4 weeks of monitoring.
Delaney KP, Sanchez T, Hannah M, et al.
Rao AK, Schrodt CA, Minhaj FS, et al.
A vaccine consisting of modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN), a live, attenuated, non-replicating, proprietary version of the MVA virus, used for the prevention of smallpox and monkeypox
MVA-BN® (Modified Vaccinia Ankara – Bavarian Nordic) is a proprietary and patented vaccine platform technology of Bavarian Nordic.
The FDA approved a new indication for ACAM2000, to include the prevention of mpox disease in individuals determined to be at high risk for mpox infection. ACAM2000 has been approved since 2007 for the prevention of smallpox disease in individuals determined to be at high risk for smallpox infection. ACAM2000 is a live replicating vaccinia virus vaccine.
Key points follow. Mass vaccination is not required nor recommended for monkeypox at this time; Primary preventive (pre-exposure) vaccination (PPV) is recommended for individuals at high-risk of exposure.
Members of the APHL Biosafety and Biosecurity Committee developed this fact sheet to assist laboratorians with safely testing potential monkeypox samples.
JYNNEOS is the only FDA-licensed vaccine in the United States to prevent monkeypox disease in individuals 18 years of age and older.
Rao AK, Petersen BW, Whitehill F, et al.